Transplantation of ACE2- Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves the Outcome of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia.
Identifieur interne : 000334 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000333; suivant : 000335Transplantation of ACE2- Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves the Outcome of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia.
Auteurs : Zikuan Leng [République populaire de Chine] ; Rongjia Zhu [République populaire de Chine] ; Wei Hou [République populaire de Chine] ; Yingmei Feng [République populaire de Chine] ; Yanlei Yang [République populaire de Chine] ; Qin Han [République populaire de Chine] ; Guangliang Shan [République populaire de Chine] ; Fanyan Meng [République populaire de Chine] ; Dongshu Du [République populaire de Chine] ; Shihua Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Junfen Fan [République populaire de Chine] ; Wenjing Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Luchan Deng [République populaire de Chine] ; Hongbo Shi [République populaire de Chine] ; Hongjun Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Zhongjie Hu [République populaire de Chine] ; Fengchun Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; Jinming Gao [République populaire de Chine] ; Hongjian Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; Xiaoxia Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Yangyang Zhao [République populaire de Chine] ; Kan Yin [République populaire de Chine] ; Xijing He [République populaire de Chine] ; Zhengchao Gao [République populaire de Chine] ; Yibin Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Bo Yang [République populaire de Chine] ; Ronghua Jin [République populaire de Chine] ; Ilia Stambler [France, États-Unis, Israël] ; Lee Wei Lim [France, États-Unis, République populaire de Chine] ; Huanxing Su [France, États-Unis, République populaire de Chine] ; Alexey Moskalev [France, États-Unis, Russie] ; Antonio Cano [France, États-Unis, Espagne] ; Sasanka Chakrabarti [Inde] ; Kyung-Jin Min [France, États-Unis, Corée du Sud] ; Georgina Ellison-Hughes [France, États-Unis, Royaume-Uni] ; Calogero Caruso [France, États-Unis, Italie] ; Kunlin Jin [France, États-Unis] ; Robert Chunhua Zhao [République populaire de Chine, France, États-Unis]Source :
- Aging and disease [ 2152-5250 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
A coronavirus (HCoV-19) has caused the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China. Preventing and reversing the cytokine storm may be the key to save the patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to possess a comprehensive powerful immunomodulatory function. This study aims to investigate whether MSC transplantation improves the outcome of 7 enrolled patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Beijing YouAn Hospital, China, from Jan 23, 2020 to Feb 16, 2020. The clinical outcomes, as well as changes of inflammatory and immune function levels and adverse effects of 7 enrolled patients were assessed for 14 days after MSC injection. MSCs could cure or significantly improve the functional outcomes of seven patients without observed adverse effects. The pulmonary function and symptoms of these seven patients were significantly improved in 2 days after MSC transplantation. Among them, two common and one severe patient were recovered and discharged in 10 days after treatment. After treatment, the peripheral lymphocytes were increased, the C-reactive protein decreased, and the overactivated cytokine-secreting immune cells CXCR3+CD4+ T cells, CXCR3+CD8+ T cells, and CXCR3+ NK cells disappeared in 3-6 days. In addition, a group of CD14+CD11c+CD11bmid regulatory DC cell population dramatically increased. Meanwhile, the level of TNF-α was significantly decreased, while IL-10 increased in MSC treatment group compared to the placebo control group. Furthermore, the gene expression profile showed MSCs were ACE2- and TMPRSS2- which indicated MSCs are free from COVID-19 infection. Thus, the intravenous transplantation of MSCs was safe and effective for treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, especially for the patients in critically severe condition.
DOI: 10.14336/AD.2020.0228
PubMed: 32257537
PubMed Central: PMC7069465
Affiliations:
- Corée du Sud, Espagne, France, Inde, Israël, Italie, Royaume-Uni, Russie, République populaire de Chine, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Grand Londres, Texas, Île-de-France
- Londres, Paris, Pékin
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wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>15Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>15Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Valencia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chakrabarti, Sasanka" sort="Chakrabarti, Sasanka" uniqKey="Chakrabarti S" first="Sasanka" last="Chakrabarti">Sasanka Chakrabarti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>16Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed University, Mullana-Ambala, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>16Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed University, Mullana-Ambala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mullana-Ambala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Min, Kyung Jin" sort="Min, Kyung Jin" uniqKey="Min K" first="Kyung-Jin" last="Min">Kyung-Jin Min</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>17Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>17Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Incheon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ellison Hughes, Georgina" sort="Ellison Hughes, Georgina" uniqKey="Ellison Hughes G" first="Georgina" last="Ellison-Hughes">Georgina Ellison-Hughes</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>18Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>18Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caruso, Calogero" sort="Caruso, Calogero" uniqKey="Caruso C" first="Calogero" last="Caruso">Calogero Caruso</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>19Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>19Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Palermo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jin, Kunlin" sort="Jin, Kunlin" uniqKey="Jin K" first="Kunlin" last="Jin">Kunlin Jin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region 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Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32257537</idno><idno type="pmid">32257537</idno><idno type="doi">10.14336/AD.2020.0228</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7069465</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">001783</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001783</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001783</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">001783</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001783</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Transplantation of ACE2<sup>-</sup> Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves the Outcome of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia.</title><author><name sortKey="Leng, Zikuan" sort="Leng, Zikuan" uniqKey="Leng Z" first="Zikuan" last="Leng">Zikuan Leng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>1School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>5Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>5Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zhengzhou</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Rongjia" sort="Zhu, Rongjia" uniqKey="Zhu R" first="Rongjia" last="Zhu">Rongjia Zhu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hou, Wei" sort="Hou, Wei" uniqKey="Hou W" first="Wei" last="Hou">Wei Hou</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>3Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>3Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feng, Yingmei" sort="Feng, Yingmei" uniqKey="Feng Y" first="Yingmei" last="Feng">Yingmei Feng</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>3Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>3Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Yanlei" sort="Yang, Yanlei" uniqKey="Yang Y" first="Yanlei" last="Yang">Yanlei Yang</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>4Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>4Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Han, Qin" sort="Han, Qin" uniqKey="Han Q" first="Qin" last="Han">Qin Han</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shan, Guangliang" sort="Shan, Guangliang" uniqKey="Shan G" first="Guangliang" last="Shan">Guangliang Shan</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meng, Fanyan" sort="Meng, Fanyan" uniqKey="Meng F" first="Fanyan" last="Meng">Fanyan Meng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>1School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Du, Dongshu" sort="Du, Dongshu" uniqKey="Du D" first="Dongshu" last="Du">Dongshu Du</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>1School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Shihua" sort="Wang, Shihua" uniqKey="Wang S" first="Shihua" last="Wang">Shihua Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fan, Junfen" sort="Fan, Junfen" uniqKey="Fan J" first="Junfen" last="Fan">Junfen Fan</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Wenjing" sort="Wang, Wenjing" uniqKey="Wang W" first="Wenjing" last="Wang">Wenjing Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>3Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>3Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deng, Luchan" sort="Deng, Luchan" uniqKey="Deng L" first="Luchan" last="Deng">Luchan Deng</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Hongbo" sort="Shi, Hongbo" uniqKey="Shi H" first="Hongbo" last="Shi">Hongbo Shi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>3Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>3Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Hongjun" sort="Li, Hongjun" uniqKey="Li H" first="Hongjun" last="Li">Hongjun Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>3Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>3Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Zhongjie" sort="Hu, Zhongjie" uniqKey="Hu Z" first="Zhongjie" last="Hu">Zhongjie Hu</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>3Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>3Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Fengchun" sort="Zhang, Fengchun" uniqKey="Zhang F" first="Fengchun" last="Zhang">Fengchun Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>4Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>4Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, Jinming" sort="Gao, Jinming" uniqKey="Gao J" first="Jinming" last="Gao">Jinming Gao</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>4Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>4Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Hongjian" sort="Liu, Hongjian" uniqKey="Liu H" first="Hongjian" last="Liu">Hongjian Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>5Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>5Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zhengzhou</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Xiaoxia" sort="Li, Xiaoxia" uniqKey="Li X" first="Xiaoxia" last="Li">Xiaoxia Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>6Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Shandong, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>6Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Shandong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shandong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Yangyang" sort="Zhao, Yangyang" uniqKey="Zhao Y" first="Yangyang" last="Zhao">Yangyang Zhao</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yin, Kan" sort="Yin, Kan" uniqKey="Yin K" first="Kan" last="Yin">Kan Yin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>6Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Shandong, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>6Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Shandong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shandong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="He, Xijing" sort="He, Xijing" uniqKey="He X" first="Xijing" last="He">Xijing He</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>7Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>7Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Xi'an</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, Zhengchao" sort="Gao, Zhengchao" uniqKey="Gao Z" first="Zhengchao" last="Gao">Zhengchao Gao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>7Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>7Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Xi'an</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Yibin" sort="Wang, Yibin" uniqKey="Wang Y" first="Yibin" last="Wang">Yibin Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>7Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>7Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Xi'an</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Bo" sort="Yang, Bo" uniqKey="Yang B" first="Bo" last="Yang">Bo Yang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>8Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>8Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zhengzhou</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jin, Ronghua" sort="Jin, Ronghua" uniqKey="Jin R" first="Ronghua" last="Jin">Ronghua Jin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>3Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>3Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stambler, Ilia" sort="Stambler, Ilia" uniqKey="Stambler I" first="Ilia" last="Stambler">Ilia Stambler</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>11The Geriatric Medical Center "Shmuel Harofe", Beer Yaakov, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Israël</country><wicri:regionArea>11The Geriatric Medical Center "Shmuel Harofe", Beer Yaakov, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tel-Aviv</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, Lee Wei" sort="Lim, Lee Wei" uniqKey="Lim L" first="Lee Wei" last="Lim">Lee Wei Lim</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>12School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>12School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Su, Huanxing" sort="Su, Huanxing" uniqKey="Su H" first="Huanxing" last="Su">Huanxing Su</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>13Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>13Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Macau</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moskalev, Alexey" sort="Moskalev, Alexey" uniqKey="Moskalev A" first="Alexey" last="Moskalev">Alexey Moskalev</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>14Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>14Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Syktyvkar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cano, Antonio" sort="Cano, Antonio" uniqKey="Cano A" first="Antonio" last="Cano">Antonio Cano</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>15Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>15Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Valencia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chakrabarti, Sasanka" sort="Chakrabarti, Sasanka" uniqKey="Chakrabarti S" first="Sasanka" last="Chakrabarti">Sasanka Chakrabarti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>16Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed University, Mullana-Ambala, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>16Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed University, Mullana-Ambala</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mullana-Ambala</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Min, Kyung Jin" sort="Min, Kyung Jin" uniqKey="Min K" first="Kyung-Jin" last="Min">Kyung-Jin Min</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>17Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>17Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Incheon</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ellison Hughes, Georgina" sort="Ellison Hughes, Georgina" uniqKey="Ellison Hughes G" first="Georgina" last="Ellison-Hughes">Georgina Ellison-Hughes</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>18Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>18Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caruso, Calogero" sort="Caruso, Calogero" uniqKey="Caruso C" first="Calogero" last="Caruso">Calogero Caruso</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>19Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>19Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Palermo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jin, Kunlin" sort="Jin, Kunlin" uniqKey="Jin K" first="Kunlin" last="Jin">Kunlin Jin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>20University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX76107, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>20University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX76107</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Robert Chunhua" sort="Zhao, Robert Chunhua" uniqKey="Zhao R" first="Robert Chunhua" last="Zhao">Robert Chunhua Zhao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>1School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>1School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Shanghai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Aging and disease</title><idno type="ISSN">2152-5250</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">A coronavirus (HCoV-19) has caused the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China. Preventing and reversing the cytokine storm may be the key to save the patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to possess a comprehensive powerful immunomodulatory function. This study aims to investigate whether MSC transplantation improves the outcome of 7 enrolled patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Beijing YouAn Hospital, China, from Jan 23, 2020 to Feb 16, 2020. The clinical outcomes, as well as changes of inflammatory and immune function levels and adverse effects of 7 enrolled patients were assessed for 14 days after MSC injection. MSCs could cure or significantly improve the functional outcomes of seven patients without observed adverse effects. The pulmonary function and symptoms of these seven patients were significantly improved in 2 days after MSC transplantation. Among them, two common and one severe patient were recovered and discharged in 10 days after treatment. After treatment, the peripheral lymphocytes were increased, the C-reactive protein decreased, and the overactivated cytokine-secreting immune cells CXCR3+CD4+ T cells, CXCR3+CD8+ T cells, and CXCR3+ NK cells disappeared in 3-6 days. In addition, a group of CD14+CD11c+CD11b<sup>mid</sup> regulatory DC cell population dramatically increased. Meanwhile, the level of TNF-α was significantly decreased, while IL-10 increased in MSC treatment group compared to the placebo control group. Furthermore, the gene expression profile showed MSCs were ACE2<sup>-</sup> and TMPRSS2<sup>-</sup> which indicated MSCs are free from COVID-19 infection. Thus, the intravenous transplantation of MSCs was safe and effective for treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, especially for the patients in critically severe condition.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32257537</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>09</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">2152-5250</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>11</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Apr</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Aging and disease</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Aging Dis</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Transplantation of ACE2<sup>-</sup> Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves the Outcome of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>216-228</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.14336/AD.2020.0228</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>A coronavirus (HCoV-19) has caused the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China. Preventing and reversing the cytokine storm may be the key to save the patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to possess a comprehensive powerful immunomodulatory function. This study aims to investigate whether MSC transplantation improves the outcome of 7 enrolled patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Beijing YouAn Hospital, China, from Jan 23, 2020 to Feb 16, 2020. The clinical outcomes, as well as changes of inflammatory and immune function levels and adverse effects of 7 enrolled patients were assessed for 14 days after MSC injection. MSCs could cure or significantly improve the functional outcomes of seven patients without observed adverse effects. The pulmonary function and symptoms of these seven patients were significantly improved in 2 days after MSC transplantation. Among them, two common and one severe patient were recovered and discharged in 10 days after treatment. After treatment, the peripheral lymphocytes were increased, the C-reactive protein decreased, and the overactivated cytokine-secreting immune cells CXCR3+CD4+ T cells, CXCR3+CD8+ T cells, and CXCR3+ NK cells disappeared in 3-6 days. In addition, a group of CD14+CD11c+CD11b<sup>mid</sup> regulatory DC cell population dramatically increased. Meanwhile, the level of TNF-α was significantly decreased, while IL-10 increased in MSC treatment group compared to the placebo control group. Furthermore, the gene expression profile showed MSCs were ACE2<sup>-</sup> and TMPRSS2<sup>-</sup> which indicated MSCs are free from COVID-19 infection. Thus, the intravenous transplantation of MSCs was safe and effective for treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, especially for the patients in critically severe condition.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright: © 2020 Leng et al.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Leng</LastName><ForeName>Zikuan</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>5Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhu</LastName><ForeName>Rongjia</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hou</LastName><ForeName>Wei</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>3Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Feng</LastName><ForeName>Yingmei</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>3Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yang</LastName><ForeName>Yanlei</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>4Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Han</LastName><ForeName>Qin</ForeName><Initials>Q</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shan</LastName><ForeName>Guangliang</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Meng</LastName><ForeName>Fanyan</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Du</LastName><ForeName>Dongshu</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Shihua</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fan</LastName><ForeName>Junfen</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Wenjing</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>3Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Deng</LastName><ForeName>Luchan</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shi</LastName><ForeName>Hongbo</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>3Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Hongjun</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>3Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hu</LastName><ForeName>Zhongjie</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>3Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Fengchun</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>4Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gao</LastName><ForeName>Jinming</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>4Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Hongjian</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>5Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Xiaoxia</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>6Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Shandong, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhao</LastName><ForeName>Yangyang</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yin</LastName><ForeName>Kan</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>6Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Shandong, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>He</LastName><ForeName>Xijing</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>7Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gao</LastName><ForeName>Zhengchao</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>7Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Yibin</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>7Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yang</LastName><ForeName>Bo</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>8Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jin</LastName><ForeName>Ronghua</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>3Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stambler</LastName><ForeName>Ilia</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>11The Geriatric Medical Center "Shmuel Harofe", Beer Yaakov, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lim</LastName><ForeName>Lee Wei</ForeName><Initials>LW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, 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Medical Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moskalev</LastName><ForeName>Alexey</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>14Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cano</LastName><ForeName>Antonio</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>15Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chakrabarti</LastName><ForeName>Sasanka</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>16Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed University, Mullana-Ambala, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Min</LastName><ForeName>Kyung-Jin</ForeName><Initials>KJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>17Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ellison-Hughes</LastName><ForeName>Georgina</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>18Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Caruso</LastName><ForeName>Calogero</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>19Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jin</LastName><ForeName>Kunlin</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>20University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX76107, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhao</LastName><ForeName>Robert Chunhua</ForeName><Initials>RC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>1School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>9The Executive Committee on Anti-aging and Disease Prevention in the framework of Science and Technology, Pharmacology and Medicine Themes under an Interactive Atlas along the Silk Roads, UNESCO, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>10International Society on Aging and Disease, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>09</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Aging Dis</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101540533</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2152-5250</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn"><RefSource>Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2020 Jul;20(7):711-716</RefSource><PMID Version="1">32329380</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">ACE2 negative</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">cell transplantation</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">function recovery</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">immunomodulation</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">mesenchymal stem cells</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>Conflicts of interest We have no conflicts of interest.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>25</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>28</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId 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